On Carmichael Numbers with 3 Factors and the Strong Pseudoprime Test an Odd Composite Integer N Is a \carmichael Number" If a N a Mod N for All Integers A. It Is a \3-factor

نویسنده

  • Warren D. Smith
چکیده

| The well known \strong pseudoprime test" has its highest probability of error (1=4) when the numbers being tested are certain Carmichael numbers with 3 prime factors. We present a non-rigorous plausibility argument that the count C3 (x) of 3-factor Carmichaels up to x, is asymptotically C3(x) K x 1=3 (ln x) ?3 where K 478 110 is an absolute constant given by K = 3 3 X 1a 1=8 in the strong pseudoprime test are certain numbers with only 2 prime factors and certain prime powers. However if these cases are somehow known to apply, then we show how to improve the strong pseudoprime test so that its probability of error on N is O(1= p ln N). Carmichael" if it has exactly 3 prime factors. ajb means \a divides b" and a 6 jb means \a does not divide b." In expressions P p or Q p , we mean for p to range over the

برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید

ثبت نام

اگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید

منابع مشابه

Carmichael Numbers in Number Rings

for all integers a. This result gives us the rudimentary Fermat Compositeness Test: If a 6≡ a (mod n) for some integer a, then n is composite. While this has the advantage of being computationally simple, it has the distinct disadvantage of failing for some composite n and choice of a. Take, for example, n = 341 = 31 · 11 and a = 2. A quick computation tells us that 2 ≡ 2 (mod 341). Fortunately...

متن کامل

Two kinds of strong pseudoprimes up to 1036

Let n > 1 be an odd composite integer. Write n− 1 = 2sd with d odd. If either bd ≡ 1 mod n or b2rd ≡ −1 mod n for some r = 0, 1, . . . , s− 1, then we say that n is a strong pseudoprime to base b, or spsp(b) for short. Define ψt to be the smallest strong pseudoprime to all the first t prime bases. If we know the exact value of ψt, we will have, for integers n < ψt, a deterministic efficient pri...

متن کامل

Carmichael numbers in the sequence (2n k+1)n≥1

A Carmichael number is a positive integer N which is composite and the congruence aN ≡ a (mod N) holds for all integers a. The smallest Carmichael number is N = 561 and was found by Carmichael in 1910 in [6]. It is well– known that there are infinitely many Carmichael numbers (see [1]). Here, we let k be any odd positive integer and study the presence of Carmichael numbers in the sequence of ge...

متن کامل

Notes on some new kinds of pseudoprimes

J. Browkin defined in his recent paper (Math. Comp. 73 (2004), pp. 1031–1037) some new kinds of pseudoprimes, called Sylow p-pseudoprimes and elementary Abelian p-pseudoprimes. He gave examples of strong pseudoprimes to many bases which are not Sylow p-pseudoprime to two bases only, where p = 2 or 3. In this paper, in contrast to Browkin’s examples, we give facts and examples which are unfavora...

متن کامل

Improving the Speed and Accuracy of the Miller-Rabin Primality Test

Currently, even the fastest deterministic primality tests run slowly, with the AgrawalKayal-Saxena (AKS) Primality Test runtime Õ(log(n)), and probabilistic primality tests such as the Fermat and Miller-Rabin Primality Tests are still prone to false results. In this paper, we discuss the accuracy of the Miller-Rabin Primality Test and the number of nonwitnesses for a composite odd integer n. We...

متن کامل

ذخیره در منابع من


  با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید

برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید

ثبت نام

اگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید

عنوان ژورنال:

دوره   شماره 

صفحات  -

تاریخ انتشار 1997